The Issue Of Bilingualism With Psycholinguists

The Issue Of Bilingualism With PsycholinguistsBilingualism is a controversial issue that psycholinguists set forth in the way they define it due to its multidimensional aspects. It should be conservatively viewed with great consideration to certain variables appearing in the coming definitions. Auer (1995), states that bilingualistism house be referred to the linguistic competencys in more than unitary language. This bilingual competency can be accessible via the analysis of well-formed sentences involving devil languages which may be do by as a window on the bilingual mind (Auer, 1995, p.115). Clearly, psycholinguists make bilingualism as hidden competence in bilinguals minds, and it can be revealed as bilinguals produce utterances. Conversely, Saunders (1988) declares that bilingualism has different associations in peoples minds. Some people assume that bilingualism is internal-like control of two languages which is later on called true bilingualism (p,7). However, bilingu als who have no ingrained come up toers competence in both languages reject this definition utterly. Some linguists stress that this definition is restrictively limited to bilingual individuals who master their two languages completely. Dual monolingual is also a term used to refer to bilinguals mastering two languages as if they were native verbaliser monolinguals in both languages. However, Saunder (1988) argues that many bilinguals comprehend a opposed language without universe able to speak it fluently. on that pointfore, linguists define bilingualism as the efficiency to speak two languages at any direct of competency. After all these various arguments regarding bilingualisms nature, it is clear that bilingual individuals have different degrees of competence in the second language. Saunder (1988).Colin bread maker Sylvia Prys Jones (1998). Encyclopedia of Bilingualism and Bilingual Education. UK Multilingual Matters Ltd. (in the library).*Definition of bilingualismAcco rding to Baker Jones (1998), when asked about bilingualism, most people believe that they know the answers of the following questions, what is bilingualism? How can a bilingual be define? They would say that a bilingual soulfulness is the one who speaks two languages. However, shaping bilingualism and bilinguals is more concentrated than what the people think.Bilingualism involves a number of dimensions. There are five main issues that show the difficulty to define bilingualism very concisely. Also, they show that there might be degrees of bilingualism which vary in the same(p) soul over time.There is distinction between ability in language and use of language. They are two separate things. For example, a bilingual person has the ability to speak two languages very fluently, only he or she uses and practices only one of the two languages regardless whether it is the native language or the second language. other bilingual person has the ability to speak two languages but he or she has some problems in speaking one of the two languages regardless whether it is the native language or the second language, but this person uses and practices both languages regularly. This distinction can be referred to the degree of difference between proficiency or competence of language (ability) and function of that language (use).Proficiency may vary in a language. For example, the abilities of a bilingual person give vary in development a language among the four skills of that language (speaking, listening, reading, and writing), where that person might be very good in speaking A language but when it comes to writing, the person will use B language to write or read, because his or her ability of writing in A language is weak or low. another(prenominal) bilingual person might have good abilities (proficiency) in speaking and writing of a language, but he or she cannot use and practice (speak or write) that language, so he or she tends to use another language. This is ca lled receptive competence. a couple of(prenominal) bilingual people are equally proficient in both languages, but one language tends to be stronger and better developed than the other language. It is called the dominant language and it is not necessarily to be the first or native language.Few bilinguals possess the same competence as monolinguals in either of their languages. This is because bilinguals use their languages for different functions and purposes.A bilinguals competence in a language may vary over time and according to changing circumstances. For example, a child starts to learn a minor language at home or in the childhood. As time goes, he or she learns another language in the school or community and he or she will gradually will drop off the minor language, because it is out of use and that person became away from the childhood the situation where the minor language is used.Leonard Bloomfield (1933). Language. UK GEORGE ALLEN UNWIN LTD.In the extreme case of foreign language culture, the speaker becomes so proficient as to be indistinguishable from the native speakers round him. In this case where this perfect foreign language learning is not come with by loss of the native language, it results in bilingualism, (the) native-like control of two languages. (P. 55-56).Romaine, S (1995). Bilingualism (2nd ed.). UK Blackwell Publishers.Proficiency and function are the factors which are related to the terms of categories, scales and dichotomies in defining and describing bilingualism. In one side of the issue of the definition of bilingualism, there would be a definition like Bloomfields definition (1933 p, 55-56) In the extreme case of foreign language learning, the speaker becomes so proficient as to be indistinguishable from the native speakers round him. In this case where this perfect foreign language learning is not accompanied by loss of the native language, it results in bilingualism, (the) native-like control of two languages. This definit ion identifies native like control of two languages as being the norm for bilingualism. In the other side, Haugen (1953 p, 7) shows that when a person of any language can produce complete meaningful sentences in another language, he or she would be a bilingual.According to Mackey (1967 p, 555), there are four aspects should be taken into account when defining and describing bilingualism. They are overlapped to each other and cannot be treated separately. These aspects are degree, function, alteration, and interference. The degree of bilingualism indicates the proficiency and competence of language, which is the extent to which the bilingual knows each of the languages. The part of function focuses on the use and practice a bilingual has for the languages. How oft each language is used and practiced by the bilingual? Alteration concentrates on the extent to which the bilingual switches between the languages (code switching). And interference is the degree to which a bilingual manage s to keep the two languages separate or fused. The four questions are overlapped to each other and they cannot be treated separately. For example, a bilinguals knowledge of a language will to some extent specify the functions to which it is put and the vice versa. The contexts in which bilinguals have the opportunity to use language will affect their competence in it.Josiane, F. Hamers Michel H. Blanc. (2000). Bilinguality and Bilingualism (2nd edition). UK Cambridge University Press.Hamers Blanc (2000) arouse a number of definitions of bilingualism, but they are not satisfied with any one of them because they are one sided as they assume. Moreover, they highlight unidimensionality as being one weakness of bilingualism because when defining it, only one dimension would be taken account, ignoring other sides of bilingualism. For example, a definition of bilingualism may concerns competence, without the other significant dimensions. ( p, 3 23). Hoffmann (1991) mentions the same e arlier point in the way that the most remarkable and significant feature of bilingualism is the multi-faceted phenomenon of it which is expected to be the point of difficulty when defining bilingualism from one dimension.At first sight, the concept of bilingualism seems to be non-problematical and easy to be defined. However, when moving deep down on the many variant definitions of bilingualism, one can recognise how difficult it is to define a bilingual. According to Websters dictionary (1961), bilingual is defined as having or using two languages especially as spoken with the fluency distinctive of a native speaker a person using two languages especially habitually and with control like that of a native speaker and bilingualism as the constant oral use of two languages.Many people view bilingualism as the ability of speaking two languages perfectly like native speakers. This speak to comes in one side of bilingualism and it is related to Leonard Bloomfield (1953 56) who defines bilingualism as the native like control of two languages which concentrates on the dimension of proficiency in language. In contrast, on the other most different side there is a definition of Macnamara (1967a) who defines a bilingual as an individual who acquire a minimal competence in only one of the four skills in a language other than the mother tongue. Between these most two distinctive definitions, there is a collection of other definitions of bilingualism, for example, Titone (1972) defines bilingualism as the individuals capacity to speak a second language while following the concepts and structures of that language rather than paraphrasing his or her mother tongue.The previous three distinctive definitions show the degree of difficulty in providing a concise definition of a bilingual and bilingualism, because those three definitions themselves lack specifity and clarity in the main points on them like native-like competence, minimal proficiency in a second language, and foll owing the concept of structures of the second language. (p, 6-7).Hoffmann, C. (1991). An Introduction to Bilingualism. UK Longman.An oft-quoted definition is found in one of the early books on modern linguistics, Leonard Bloomfields Language, first published in the USA in 1933. Bloomfield pays special attention to users who become so proficient in the new language that they cannot be distinguished from the native speakers and he considers these users are bilinguals. He relates bilingualism to those individuals who speak a second language with high native level of proficiency.According to Hoffmann (1991), Bloomfield has a clear notion of bilingualism, but there is some contradiction on his definition of bilingualism. For example, if a degree of perfection cannot be defined in bilingualism, so how could Bloomfield talk of perfect foreign language learning?BloomfieldTo be removedOpposite of BloomfieldGeneralTo begin with

Safety And Security And The Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay

guard And Security And The Hospitality Industry Tourism searchIntroduction and Background of the Study sentry go and warranter plays a big social function in this century. Everyvirtuoso is fretfulnessing about their synthetic rubberty and aegis when they atomic way out 18 staying in the hotel during vacation. In the worldwide hotel assiduity, the heed too concern about preventive and earnest issues pertaining on their guests and employees.In the hospitality industry, they be proud of themselves beca map they atomic number 18 recognizen hospitable to every cardinal in such way of attitude in welcoming their customers or guests. Therefore, they should practice and maintain the concept of a home-from-home with their open-door approach with comfort, convenience and privacy to their guests (Gill, Moon, gob Turbin, 2002). afterwards the disasters such as terrorist attack at Luxor Egypt in 1992 and 1993, 852 passengers died on the shipwreck of Estonia in Baltic Sea on 28t h September 1994, Iraq war terror attack of September 11, 2001 in New York, United States, the SARS epidemic in 2003, Tsunami disaster on 26th December 2004 in Thailand and Bali bombings, the realise for pencil eraserguard and shelter around the world is growing and the topic of golosh and warrantor has become a popular discussion among the people in the world. Besides, most(prenominal) of the hotels have now implemented a synthetic rubber device and security plan as well as quality plan such as providing development for the employees and guests safety and security (Steene, 2009, Lockyer, 2007 and Helena Natasa, 2010).The hotel worry has separated the hotel safety into two broad categories which atomic number 18 safety and security. The management categorized safety as in the services provided, as well as included the construction of the hotel interior designed whereby making sure they ar safe built for the employees to calculate in and in-house guests. However, s ecurity in hotel related to threats that set by people than setting by the physical surroundings, which stand fors it depends on the person who set the security danger that cannot be hazard (Policy Department, 2008).Based on Enz (2009) personal definition on safety and security, she defined safety as protecting guests safety, while keeping guests property safe provide be included in the security definition. In other words, according to Enz and Masako (2002), safety involves in protecting employees and guests while in the hotel area from serious injure and death.In terms of safety, it can be further categorized by various aspects such as fire safety and others aspects of hotel safety. As for hotel safety, it includes food safety, melted pool safety and not forgetting the hotels property safety such as criminal offense safety (Policy Department, 2008).Problem StatementsTraining safety and security measures is exclusively-important(a) to the hospitality industry whereby without the important of measures, the hospitality and tourim industry testament not have boom so fast. This is because everyone take their life as precious as gold. unfortunately nowaday, hotels only utilise of the tecnology safety and security system to protect their guest. They should have also used of training method and procedures to train their employees and develop guest as a precautions for accidents to exit. Morever, the hospitality should be to a greater extent concern on which aspects that entrust have a high rate of accidents happen in the daily rountine. However, wherefore training is crucial for the hospitality industry to look upon on? What are the ways that the hospitality industry able to use to train their employees and guests to keep safe from danger? Which aspects must they concerned on?Research ObjectivesThe intention of this investigate is done to determine employee safety and security training and education for guests do helps to decrease the safety and secur ity issues in the hospitality industry. This enquiry is carried out to achieve several objectives in the following belowTo determined the importance of training safety and security.To determined the ways that the hotels implement to train their employees and educate guests on safety and security to feel secure and comfortable while in the hotel.To identify the factors that the hotels bequeath look into concern and train employees and educate guest to prevent these issues to happen.Research QuestionsThis study is attempted answer the research questions in the following belowwhy it is importance of training safety and security?What are the ways that the hotel implements to train their employees and educate their guests on the safety and security?What are the factors that the hotels leave behind look into concern and train employees and educate guest to prevent these issues to happen?Hypothesis StatementThe hypothesis in this research will be done based on the value of the population which the hypothesis statement will be related to the importance of training safety and security does lower the percentage of safety and security issues. In this hypothesis research, the designer has used a statement which will give less bad effect on the result.Ho = There is no significance between the importance of training safety and security will lower the percentage of safety and security and have no effect on safety and security issues.H1 = There is a significance between the importance of training safety and security will lower the percentage of safety and security and have no effect on safety and security issues.Theoretical and Conceptual FrameworkThe importance of training safety and security on employees and guests vastness of training safety and securityTraining the employees on safety and securityWays and factors to concerned onFire safetyAccident and common soldier safetyEducating guests on safety and securityCrime safety and securityFigure 1.1 A conceptual framework on the importance of training safety and security on employees and guests in the hotel industry.Basically the above figure shows about this research will be focusing on several facts and facts such as the aspects that the hotel should be more concerned on by implementing ways to protect them. Before the germ determined the aspects and ways on protecting the employees and guests safety, the author would like to rationalize on the importance of training safety and security on employees and guests and not just relying on the safety and security features such as CCTV and others more.As for the aspects for the hotel to be concerned on will be the fire safety, accident and private safety and crime safety and security. These aspects should be concerned on because they will happen in our daily life. Fire is a phenomena aspect which we cannot predict to happen, thus it is important for the hospitality to train the employees and guests on ways to overcome it when it happens. As for acciden ts and private safety, if the employees and guest are teach to prevent them to happen, the rate of accidents will be lower down. For deterrent example, housekeepers should be trained in a right way to blame the board with safety measures. Crime happens almost every day in our life, thus the hotel should also take in precautions even though on that point are security police and officers. For example, the hotel inevitably to train employees on ways to not fall into the criminal traps when they suspected suspicious people wondering in the hotels. consequence of the StudyTraining employees and educate in-house guests in order to keep themselves safe and secure is a very important elements in the hospitality and tourism industry nowa days. With the training of safety and security, they will reach the employees and guests satisfaction where they will feel safe just like they are in their own house. In the mean time, it will also increase the attention from the outsiders and travelers if they know the hotel manage well in safety and security matters, thus this will brings benefits to the hotel when they need more men and increase the economy and status of the hotel.The author had recognized the types of training methods for employees and guests to follow to overcome the negative factors which will organise them feel safer while being in the hotel at anytime and anywhere. Moreover, the effects of these method used will minimize the safety and security issues. This research will help the organizations in the hospitality industry to go out the purpose of training safety and security will benefit the employees and travelers. This will also benefit the hotel as they practice and applying on the employees and guests to manage and improve the safety and security measures.Scope and LimitationBasically, this research is mainly focusing on the method that the hotels management uses to train their employees and educates their in-house guests in order to keep them safe a nd secure, also help to reduce negative issues that will happened in the hotel and the surrounding. Hotels keep them safe and secure in terms of avoiding injuries and death on the employees and guests when there are accidents, crime and fire.However, there are several limitations related to this study have occurred in order to complete this research success exuberanty. Firstly, it will be the availability to search for secondary winding selective information, the electronic sources. The author has vistad some difficulties in searching additional training and electronic articles and journals from the websites that related to training safety and security for employees and educating guests when being in the hotel. Even though, the respective college university has provided several sources for the author like academic websites but there are still lack of sources for the author to collect more data because some of the journals and information need to be purchased before consume. More over, the author had faced some challenges because of lacking experience and knowledge in conducting a proposal. It is a cracking challenge when the author does not have sufficient experience and the skills to collect strong and good data for this research.CHAPTER TWOLITERATURE REVIEW2.1 IntroductionIn this chapter, it will contains the finding of the authors had done research regarding on the important of training the employees and educate the guests, also several ways to train the employees and educate guests to keep safe while they are in the hotel. Besides, it will also include the factors where the hotel will be more concern on and avoid injuries happened. As for the previous researchers findings and theories, they will be used as supporting information also ensuring that the methods and factors will be focusing on will help in this research. Moreover, all information and data that have been gathered for this research are from various secondary data sources such as electronic articles and journals.2.2 Importance of training for safety and securityThe word training is means by giving a person the actual and enough information to him or her needed in order to work safely. It is not crucial that training need to have a formal class session or seminars and courses for the employees to attend.In this generation, there are various aspects that make the hotel successful whereby these aspects are health, safety and sustainability of the attractions business (Williams 2008). According to Pitt (2007), in United Kingdom, there are about more than 30 million of working days lost in each year due to employees health sickness and seven million are because of employee injured in the working place. Every year, there are more than a million of employees suffering from bully while working by their own colleagues or public. Therefore, in order to reduce the number of oeuvre injury and others factors, training employees and guests to keep themselves safe while working and staying in the hotel are crucial.Based on the research by Health and Safety in the Catering Industry Liaison Committee, there is a legal law to provide information and training regarding to health and safety aspects to all employees who are needed (http//www.hse.gov.uk).2.3 Training employeesWeitze (2008) noted that if the hotel management is lacking of employees training, lack of maintaining the policies and procedures and lastly lacking of prevention, these will all lead to a safety related incident. Thus, it is important to train the employees from the hotel itself first before to educate the guests.Moreover, the staffs of nirvana Hotel are the first people who will interact with the guests once they step into the hotel. It does not matter they are from which department of the hotel, as long they are enlightenment Hotel employees such as bell boy, prior desk staffs, housekeepers and more, the employees are responsible to create a culture of safety and professionalism to keep th emselves safe and keeping the guest safety and security as well (Kwiecinski, 2010). Therefore, it is crucial for the management to train every employee to be able to face to face in any accidents such as fire, police and other emergency services people so that they may help out if that is a need (William, 2008). Based on a health and safety manager, Duncan Aspin, he had stated that managers need to shape up health and safety training constitution for ensuring every employee have sufficient training on safety and security issues to reduce accident (Mottram, 2005).For an example, according to Mottram (2005), providing program regarding on staff development and safety training has given a hand to North-West division of Birse Civil to achieve zero percent accident rate, which is also the top 1 social club in UK as construction industry for safety. Therefore, training employees not only will help to save their lives but also help Shangri-la Hotel to climbing up hotel status.2.4 Educat ing guestsBesides Shangri-la Hotel train their employees to keep themselves safe and implementing safety and security features for the guest safety, it is also important for them to train their in-house guests to take care of themselves as well. In general, everyone who travels around and look for accommodations would expect they will be safe and their property will be secure leaving them in the hotel while they are out for travel. However, sometimes it is hard to predict that guest will be safe by just depending on the hotels safety and security features, thus the guests should also learn how to protect themselves away from crimes, accidents and fire.According to the research by Mottram (2005), in the year of 2003, 80 people who include the guests and employees of Birse Civils have attended the safety management and courses. In result, the society has recorded as zero accidents occur within the company area.2.5 Ways and factors that will be concerned on2.5.1 Fire SafetyFire accide nt is an accident whereby we cannot predict when to happen and when not to happen. Even if there is a fire, the guests might not know how to handle because they are not aware of it. Therefore, the hotel management should take precautions on handling the safety of their employees and guests. For example, sometimes foreign in-house guests might have slow respond to the evacuation alarms when it rings because they do not have an understanding situation in the local hotel (Roberts Chan, 2000).According to Helena Natasa (2010), in order to protect guest safety, the management of the hotel needs to educate guest by providing instructions, labels and reminders which related to fire preventions. The purpose of implement this so that guests will not be panic and nervous when there is fire accident, in fact they will stay calm down and know the way to leave the hotel building safely.Throughout the research, as for the fire precautions to protect the guest and employees safety, Shareton Hot el did the best in training their employees to handle fire incident in order to save their life and the guest life too. They provide full induction and training for all hotel staffs on working safe procedures and responses which relate to fire. Besides, new personnel will be trained to use types of extinguishers and taught them ways to handle when the hotel is on fire (Roberts Chan, 2000).2.5.2 Accidents and one-on-one SafetyIn the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA), it has stated in 1970 that each working people either man or char in the nation need to have a safe and healthful working conditions which also means that without having any injuries during the working period (Hobson, 1996). In the hospitality industry, it is important for the hoteliers to look into this aspect because accident can happen in the hotel easily at anytime and anywhere on the employees and guests.In the research by Mottram (2005), the company of Birse Civils does provide training to their employee s which included first-aid training. This training is to ensure that their employees are qualified to the Health and Safety Regulation 1981, which need four days training at St John Ambulance premises. Thus, as for all hospitality industry, the management should provide training like this as a protection to their employees and guests safety.In addition, in certain time, keep department has a high percentage of causing accidents when the housekeepers do not handled dangerous chemicals in a proper way and practicing unhealthy poses while alter the rooms. Due to they are dealing with dangerous hazardous chemicals which will affect their health and life, safety and security training and orientation are important and should be practice in the housekeeping department even though the housekeepers did not handle any machinery. As an example, Wyswert hotel does provide training and information for the housekeepers on what they are supposed and not supposed to do (Kristanti Kuhn, 2005).How ever, sometimes it is a part of the employees jobs to protect the in-house guests safety. Leong (2000) has stated that the entire employees need to be trained so that they know about the security procedures to follow on which will be helpful for the guests. Thus, training employees is important especially when the move desks agent is dealing with the arrival guests room key. According to Kristanti Kuhn (2005) and Woods, Ninemeier, Hayes Austin (2007), they have mentioned that front desk agents are not allowed to give out keys, room numbers, messages and mail to anyone from the requester without the owners of the room real identity. Also, during the process when the front desk agent passes the room key to the guest, they should not announce the guests room number out in the public.In addition, restaurant staffs also play a role in keeping the guests safety and security whereby they need to keep their customers property in secure when they are having their meals in the respective r estaurant. The restaurant manager needs to train the server to be more alert on the customer belongings (Kristanti Kuhn, 2005).2.5.3 Crime Safety and SecurityNowadays, violent crime in the workplace has become a world issue that everyone will concern. Therefore, it is now has become a line of work to the hospitality industry that they will be facing and this problem is increasing in other countries (Hobson, 1996). After the incident of a popular singer was raped with a knife pointed at her in Long Island motel, the issues of security become a serious issue to all hotels in the United States (Leong, 2000). Therefore, hotels have aware of crime issues and security system and start practicing crime management (Gill, Moon, Seaman Turbin, 2002). Crime in the workplace has generally separated into different categories such as robbery and other commercial crimes, employer or other employee transport situations and terrorism.In order to minimize the rate of violence crime in the hospita lity industry, the management can streng therefore the manager and supervisors security skills and ways to use first aids. It is important for both of them to be expert in managing these securities because they are the one will handle the problems when there is a problem. For example of a character that happened in Pasadena, Texas in 1977, the manger of the hotel did not help the victim because of lacking of security knowledge (Hobson, 1996).Besides training the higher level of management, training the front line employees is needed too so that they will have the knowledge on handling it. The management of the hotel can give training such as smile training which known as dont look them in the eyes training to teach the employees so that they will be more prepare and calm when there is a situation occur. A clear and understandable instruction should be given in order to avoid fighting when there is a robbery (Hobson, 1996).Under the research that has been done by Shellum (2002), sev eral hotels have taken action to strengthen the security issues. They have improved their security-guards training and then evaluate them by standard operating procedures so that it is constant. Research has shown that awareness is the most important tools in order to take care of safety, thus the example of the hotel has done show the right way of training the employees (Helena Natasa, 2010). Thus, they have increased the staff-awareness by giving them more training instead of hiring security guards (http//www.hotelasiapacific.com).CHAPTER THREE search METHODOLOGY3.1 IntroductionIn this chapter, the author will be describing about the research methodology which will be using to collect data for this research and seeing how the data will reach the research objectives. With the used of this research methodology by following the structure of guidelines, it will help the author to collect reliable and trustable results for the research. In order to test the results for this research, qualitative and quantitative methods will be used as a support with one another and the answer of the results will be right in this research.3.2 Research DesignQualitative methods is used for this research whereby it will be rely more upon interviews sessions and some chance studies research dealing with some small numbers of people. The author will collect the data and information by targeting to interview the people in Shangri-la Hotel on how they train their staffs and guests to keep themselves safe while being in the hotel. The author would plan to interview the managers based on one on one basis so that more information included own opinions and thoughts will be given by themselves. The interview questionnaire will be set and solicit based on the related questions stated in Chapter 1.The progress of doing interview session with the respondent will basically starts with creating the interview questionnaires and scripts that have related to this research. After the progress o f preparing the questionnaire that will be asked to the respondent, setting and conducting a machinate test steps will be taken for the interview session. After all, the last air division of the process will be the author interview the respondent in one on one basis.Quantitative method is another part of research methodology that will be used to collect information from the respondent. This research method will have less interview sessions and observation. However, it is more towards on the collections of the data and analyzes the numerical data and statistic. For this research, survey technique will be used by creating a survey questionnaire for the respondent, which is the guest in Shangri-la Hotel. This is done in order for the author to have more understanding on this research.3.3 Data CollectionIn this research, there are two types of data collected that has been used for this study which are the primary data and secondary data. The combination of these two data collection ma y be useful and able to show accurate results which will help the author to do for this research.3.3.1 Primary DataIn this research, primary data is important for the researchers to collect data because the information that collected is direct from the respondent itself. Therefore, it will be much more accurate. However, this method that will be used requires more time, cost and energy to complete. Thus, the author needs to hand more effort in order to collect great information and data.The primary data for this research will be collecting through one on one interview and questionnaire survey. Firstly, the author will be only target the manager of each department in Shangri-la Hotel to collect information and data which relate to this research. The respondent that will be interviewed will be at least at the manager level therefore the results taken will be more useful and reliable. The interview questionnaire will be asked will more base on the ways and the factors of safety and se curity issues will be focusing on.The purpose of using interview method is because data that given will be more in depth and interviewer able to ask more personal question in order to gather extra information. Also, it is possible for the interviewer to record down the conversation during interview session as references and proofs with the permission pass from the interviewees.3.3.2 Secondary DataSecondary data are data that have gathered and done by previous researchers and now become the needs for the modern researcher. Besides, secondary data can be known as ready quick sources with strong facts and evidence. Secondary data includes books, journals, articles, news and others more.As for this research, the secondary data will be more relying on the electronic journals and less on academic textbooks. The data collected will be used more on internet sources because it is easy to gather valuable data which have done by someone else previously. Electronic journals articles that used to find relevant articles and journals as a support for some facts in this research are from the database of EBSCOhost from KDU e-library websites, Emerald from USCI library website and Google Scholar. All information that collected from these three websites is validity, accuracy also free for bias.In addition, the author will borrow some books for extra information which relate to the research doing from the library of KDU University College at Petaling Jaya campus.3.4 Sampling Design3.4.1 Sampling TechniqueThe author would contain non-probability take as a tool to choose the respondent for this research study. The author will be interviewed the managers of Shangri-la Hotel through quota sampling to get information. However, quota sampling will not be a helpful tool for the author to do this research because not everyone is selected to be interviewed, thus convenience sampling will be use in survey questionnaire. The questionnaire will be distributed to the targeted respondents who are willing to answer the questions sincerely. With the use of this method, it gives the author to have large number of full complete questionnaires fast and inexpensive which help the author to save cost.3.4.2 Sampling FrameIn this research, the hotel that the author choose to do on research is Shangri-la Hotel, Kuala Lumpur, thus the author will only target the respondents who are the guests who stays in Shangri-la Hotel regardless of gender or races for the convenient sampling. As for the quota sampling, the author will only select people who have a high level of management to interview.

Anne Sexton :: essays papers

Anne sacristanThe third decade of the twentieth century brought on more explicit writers than ever before, but none were as expressive as Anne Sexton. Her style of writing, her works, the image that she created, and the crazy life that she led are all prime examples of this. Known as one of the most confessional poets of her time, Anne Sexton was also one of the most criticized. She was known to use images of incest, adultery, and madness to reveal the depths of her deeply troubled life, which often brought on much controversy. Despite this, Anne went on to throw out many awards and go down as one of the best poets of all time.Anne Sexton was born Anne colourize Harvey on November 9, 1928 in Newton, Massachusetts to Ralph Churchill and Mary Gray Staples Harvey (Discovering Biographies 1). From then on, Sexton spent most of her life in the affluent, upper-middle class suburbs of Boston (Discovering Biographies 2). According to many of the experiences described in her poems, she led a precise unhappy childhood thats horrifying memories affected her throughout her life. To overcome her troubles, she married at age nineteen and attempted to settle into the role of lady of the house and mother (Discovering Biographies 2). Shortly after her marriage, Anne enrolled in a modeling course at the Hart Agency and lived in San Francisco and Baltimore (Academy of American Poets 1). During this time Anne was also educated at Earland Junior College from 1947- 1948 (Twentieth Century American Literature 2). Through out her early twenties, Sexton began to experience bouts of depression that eventually led to hospitalization (Discovering Biographies 2). In 1955, after the birth of her second daughter, Sexton attempted suicide (Discovering Biographies 2). She was then placed under the care of Dr. Martin Orne, who encouraged her to write poems as a strain of therapy (Discovering Biographies 1). Poetry gave me a rebirth at age twenty-nine (American Literature 3591), Anne quoted many times during her career. Anne deeply admired and attempted to emulate the confessional poem warmheartednesss Needle by Shodgrass (Discovering Biographies 2). Sexton decided to enroll in Robert Lowells graduate writing seminar at the Boston Center for Adult breeding (Discovering Biographies 2). She then went on to be a scholar at the Radcliffe Institute for Independent Study from 1961- 1963 (American Literature 3596).

Kansas-Nebraska Act Essay -- essays research papers

The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, and opened new lands for settlement. Because in that respect was millions of acres of arable farmland, it was necessary to create a territorial home that would everyow settlement. The people living in the Kansas-Nebraska area also wanted a railroad system for transportation. The railroad workers wanted to expand their railroad there as well, because they needed farmers for customers. The Kansas-Nebraska Act was created and proposed by Democratic Senator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois, who greatly supported the railroad system. Douglas was excited to have a railroad system that reached from his home city, Chicago, all the way to California. However, the Southerners felt differently about(predicate) the railroad. The Southerners wanted a transcontinental railroad that began in New Orleans and extended to Southern California. Their different views about the railroads brought conflict between Douglas and the Southern Senators, so Douglas decided to make a compromise with them. Instead of having the railroad run throu...

Roman And Greek Gods Essay -- essays research papers

roman letters and Greek GodsIt has been known that the roman types and the Greeks contrive had many interactions with apiece other, whether it would be due to trading or just plain traveling, the stories of their myths render crossed each other in one way or another. This is may be the reason why in that respect are many similarities between Greek and papistic Mythology. Even though a Greek god or goddess may shake a divers(prenominal) name in Roman Mythology they still performed similar tasks and were worshiped for similar reasons. I will compare and contrast Greek gods with their Roman equivalences to see how similar they genuinely are to each other. in both alike(p)lihood the most famous Greek god, Zeus, was the god of all gods. Born to Cronus and Rhea, he was the ruler of the sky, and had the indicator to create thunderstorms and lightning as rise as earthquakes. As the reputation goes he overthrew his father, Cronus, and became the ruler of Mount Olympus to head t he new line of Gods. Jupiter, similarly known as Jove, was very much like Zeus. He was the predominant power holder among the Roman Gods. According to Tripp, Jupiter is a contraction of two words meaning Heavenly Father.(Pg. 332) He ruled the sky, controlled all of the weather, and had thunderbolts as a weapon. Tripp to a fault wrote Jupiters cult and his general character were, however, wholesome established in Italy before the Greek religion became influential there. (Pg. 333) This implies that the whim of Zeus, Jupiter and Jove had very little work on each other since they were created before the Greek myths and Roman myths had started to cross paths. Hera, the wife and sister of Zeus, was the goddess of marriage, childbirth, and the queen of the heavens. She gave birth to Ares, Hebe, and Eileithyia. She similarly gave birth to Hephaestus, save it has been believed that she weary him without the aid of Zeus. In Ovids Metamorphoses, she was extremely jealous of the affairs that her husband had and she often tormented or harmed Zeuss mistresses. Juno, the feminine version of Jupiters name, is Heras counterpart. Juno had many names that served for different purposes. As Juno Pronuba, she was goddess of marriage, as Juno Lucina, she was the goddess of childbirth, and as Juno Regina, she was the special counselor and protector of the Roman state. (Roman fabulous Characters, Juno) In Tripp, there was also a Juno Moneta that was governed finances. (Pg. 332) It seem... ...t Greek gods and Roman gods have many similarities. In the cases of Hermes, Mercury, Athena, and Minerva, they are so similar that they might as well up be called the same name. With the comparisons of Hera, Ares, and their Roman counterparts, we can see that everything is the same except for their attitudes. Hera seems to be more of a mean goddess than Juno because humans in reality offer praises to Juno and actually expect Juno to help her. Hera was in addition busy causing harm towa rds Zeus mistress. Ares was just the meaner and more aggressive version of Mars. Venus may as well have been Aphrodite because it was believed that her myths were borrowed from Aphrodite. Zeus and Jupiter were similar, but were written in different times, suggesting a heavy coincidence that the Greeks and the Romans were on the same page. Overall, Greek gods and Roman gods are and so very similar. If they do have differences, they are always fairly petty and do not affect their general purpose within mythology. The interactions between the Greeks and Romans have definitely tied each others myths together so close that a story from Greek mythology can easily be reciprocal with a story from Roman Mythology. Roman And Greek Gods Essay -- essays research papersRoman and Greek GodsIt has been known that the Romans and the Greeks have had many interactions with each other, whether it would be due to trading or just plain traveling, the stories of their myths have crossed each other in one way or another. This is may be the reason why there are many similarities between Greek and Roman Mythology. Even though a Greek god or goddess may have a different name in Roman Mythology they still performed similar tasks and were worshiped for similar reasons. I will compare and contrast Greek gods with their Roman equivalences to see how similar they truly are to each other. Probably the most famous Greek god, Zeus, was the god of all gods. Born to Cronus and Rhea, he was the ruler of the sky, and had the power to create thunderstorms and lightning as well as earthquakes. As the story goes he overthrew his father, Cronus, and became the ruler of Mount Olympus to head the new line of Gods. Jupiter, also known as Jove, was very much like Zeus. He was the predominant power holder among the Roman Gods. According to Tripp, Jupiter is a contraction of two words meaning Heavenly Father.(Pg. 332) He ruled the sky, controlled all of the weather, and had thunderbolts as a weapon. Tripp also wrote Jupiters cult and his general character were, however, well established in Italy before the Greek religion became influential there. (Pg. 333) This implies that the idea of Zeus, Jupiter and Jove had very little influence on each other since they were created before the Greek myths and Roman myths had started to cross paths. Hera, the wife and sister of Zeus, was the goddess of marriage, childbirth, and the queen of the heavens. She gave birth to Ares, Hebe, and Eileithyia. She also gave birth to Hephaestus, but it has been believed that she bore him without the aid of Zeus. In Ovids Metamorphoses, she was extremely jealous of the affairs that her husband had and she often tormented or harmed Zeuss mistresses. Juno, the feminine version of Jupiters name, is Heras counterpart. Juno had many names that served for different purposes. As Juno Pronuba, she was goddess of marriage, as Juno Lucina, she was the goddess of childbirth, and as Juno Regina, she was t he special counselor and protector of the Roman state. (Roman Mythological Characters, Juno) In Tripp, there was also a Juno Moneta that was governed finances. (Pg. 332) It seem... ...t Greek gods and Roman gods have many similarities. In the cases of Hermes, Mercury, Athena, and Minerva, they are so similar that they might as well be called the same name. With the comparisons of Hera, Ares, and their Roman counterparts, we can see that everything is the same except for their attitudes. Hera seems to be more of a mean goddess than Juno because humans actually offer praises to Juno and actually expect Juno to help her. Hera was too busy causing harm towards Zeus mistress. Ares was just the meaner and more aggressive version of Mars. Venus may as well have been Aphrodite because it was believed that her myths were borrowed from Aphrodite. Zeus and Jupiter were similar, but were written in different times, suggesting a heavy coincidence that the Greeks and the Romans were on the same page. Overall, Greek gods and Roman gods are indeed very similar. If they do have differences, they are always fairly petty and do not affect their general purpose within mythology. The interactions between the Greeks and Romans have definitely tied each others myths together so close that a story from Greek mythology can easily be interchangeable with a story from Roman Mythology.

Serialization in A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens :: Charles Dickens

      In Charles Dickens A Tale of Two Cities, serialization is an important and effective tool that divides the literary work into episodes, creating a suspensive plot. In addition, serialization also creates a soap opera effect on the novels readers, leaving them with a cliff-hanger scenario at the end of each episode.         A study effect of serialization is the change it renders in character development. Sydney Carton would be a prime example. In the novels beginning, he is portrayed as a drunk, a loser with no purpose to his life. However, as the readers go on, they find that Carton is, indeed, not what he seems to be. Ultimately, our reprobate saves Charles Darnays life from certain death and is instrumental in having him escape to England with his beloved Lucie, their daughter, and his father-in-law, Dr. Manette.         Charles Dickens uses an unusual method of serialization that resembles th at used by daytime soaps. After covering several plot developments of several characters, ordinarily primary ones, he switches to a series of subplots involving other characters, usually secondary ones. For example, after Dickens covers the adventure of the Marquis St. Evremonde, he jumps back to Darnay. The effect is a narrative hook that encourages the readers to go on. This leads to suspense and, of course, a successful tale.         A final, and obvious, effect of serialization is the steady advancement of plot development. As the novel is dual-lane into thematic parts, it gives the readers a definite feeling for the plot and causes them to think about possible outcomes.

Essay --

Tyler MillerCommunicationsMrs. SeilerJanuary 15, 2013 bother Potter and the Sorcerers StoneOne dark night at Number 4, Privet Drive Albus Dumbledore, the head of a Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, meets Professor McGonagall, a teacher at Hogwarts, and Hagrid, the grounds keeper of Hogwarts, outside the Dursley home. Dumbledore tells McGonagall that Lord Voldemort, a dark wizard who was doing his best to assimilate the world into darkness, has killed Mr. and Mrs. Potter and tried unsuccessfully to kill their baby son, Harry. Dumbledore leaves Harry with the only family he has the Dursleys, much to the dismay of Professor McGonagall and Hagrid, with an explanatory note in a basket in front of the Dursley home. Ten twelvemonths later, the Dursley household is dominated by Dudley, the Dursleys son, who torments and bullies Harry. Mysterious letters embark on arriving for Harry, from Professor Dumbledore. The letters begin to worry Mr. Dursley, who vainly tries to keep them from his nephew, plainly the letters keep arriving through literally every crack in the house. Finally, in a last underprice effort to keep the letters from reaching Harry, Mr. Dursley moves his family to a dark dismal shack in the middle of nowhere near the coast. On the eve of Harrys eleventh birthday, Harry makes a wish and Hagrid bursts through the shacks door and ,after giving Dudley a pigs tail, whisks the eleven year old Harry away from his sadistic relatives.The next day, Hagrid takes Harry to London to shop for school supplies. First they go to the wizard bank, Gringotts. Followed by a shop spree on Diagon Alley, where Harry buys his books, ingredients for potions, and, finally, a magic wand. A month later, Harry goes to the train station and catches hi... ...rised and makes him state what he sees. Harry, oddly enough, sees himself with the stone in his pocket, and at that same moment he actually feels it in his pocket. Harry tells Quirrell that he sees something else. Voldemort tells Quirrell that the boy is lying and requests to speak to Harry face to face. Voldemort ultimately, instructs Quirrell to kill Harry, but Quirrell is burned by contact with the boy. and his body begins to break down into dust. A struggle ensues and Harry passes out. When Harry awakens, he finds himself in the schools infirmary wing with Dumbledore. Dumbledore explains that he saved Harry from Quirrell just in time. He adds that he and Flamel have destroyed the stone, because they fear the stones powers are too great to survive any longer. The school year comes to an end, and Harry sadly must returns to the Dursleys home till next year begins.