Gene Expression And Bacterial Transformation Essay

Introduction: This unit had two labs that developed on the same basic idea: gene expression in bacteria. Gene expression is a highly regulated process in which cells either allow or prevent a certain trait to be shown in the next generation of offspring. One major proponent looked at in the first lab was the DNA plasmid. A DNA plasmid is a short, circular sequence of DNA nucleotides that are common in bacteria, but are rarely found in larger organisms. The plasmids are useful in that they introduce new genetic instructions into bacteria cells. In the case of this lab, the new genetic instruction was that of the Green Fluorescent Protein, better known as GFP. This protein was monitored throughout the experiments as the gene that was expressed or prevented. Along with GFP, these plasmids would often pass along a selection gene like beta-lactamase that would allow for the gene to be expressed in specific environments. One example of such an environment is an ampicillin-rich environment. Day one’s lab focused on bacterial transformation. This process is the way in which new DNA is introduced into a bacteria cell. In this process, the bacterial cells need to be made permeable through treatments by way of heat or by mixing with different salts. Once the bacteria cells are made permeable, the plasmid can introduce the genetic instructions used for GFP in the cells. Those that are made permeable have a much higher tendency to express the protein. The discussionShow MoreRelatedUse Of Antibiotic Resistance For A Large Number Of Infections1624 Words   |  7 Pages22, 2015 Transformation Lab Abstract: Ampicillin is a beta-lactam antibiotic which can be used to treat a large number of infections. For example, Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria is terminated by this specific antibiotic. Ampicillin interferes with the formation of bacterial cell walls and thus kills newly dividing cells that must form new cell walls. Plasmids contain genes that create antibiotic resistance to their host cell. The pGlo plasmid contains an Ampicillin resistance gene. ThereforeRead MorepGLO Lab Report Essay821 Words   |  4 PagesBacterial Transformation Lab Report Backround: The plasmid pGLO contains an antibiotic-resistance gene, ampR, and the GFP gene is regulated by the control region of the ara operon. Ampicillin is an antibiotic that kills E. coli, so if E. coli, so if E. coli cells contain the ampicillin-resistance gene, the cells can survive exposure to ampicillin since the ampicillin-resistance gene encodes an enzyme that inactivates the antibiotic. Thus, transformed E. coli cells containing ampicillin-resistanceRead MoreThe Theory Of Bacterial Transformation1417 Words   |  6 PagesBackground theory: Bacterial transformation is a versatile tool of central importance to molecular biology (The American Phytopathological Society, 2016; The Biotechnology Education Company, 2003). It is a process whereby bacterial cells take up and express exogenous DNA, resulting in the expression of a newly acquired genetic trait that is both stable and heritable (The Biotechnology Education Company, 2003; Bruce Roe, n.d.). For transformation to take place, the bacterial cells must enter a particularRead MoreGene Cloning And Bacterial Transformation1118 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: In this lab, gene cloning and bacterial transformation was conducted. Bacteria are single celled microorganisms. They are simple in structure and have no nucleus with linear chromosomes. Bacteria are essential to life, and reproduction of other bacteria which helps play a role in decomposition of organic matter and the cycling of elements such as nitrogen and carbon, which are elements necessary to live. Due to this, plants and animals can use nitrogen to create nucleic acids alongRead MoreThe Use Of Transformation As Becoming Increasingly Popular Used By Genetic Engineers1027 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The use of transformation is becoming increasingly popular in use by genetic engineers to bring new genetic material into a wide range of life forms. In bacterial transformation, DNA (whether plasmid or chromosomal) is taken from a contributor cell to a beneficiary cell as a section of exposed DNA. The giver cells should first be lysed to allow the release of the DNA. After discharge from the contributor cell, huge chromosomal DNA is effectively separated into smaller parts of exposedRead MoreBacterial Transformation Is The Process Of Transferring Bacteria1172 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Æ' Introduction: Bacterial transformation is the process of transferring bacteria. This begins with genetic transformation where genes transfer from an organism to another with the help of plasmid. Plasmid contains one or more piece of DNA within bacteria. This technique is used commonly in technology specifically designed for biology usage to enhance the culture around with positive results. It is also used to solve common world problems, such as human insulin and drought resistant crops. In thisRead MoreGenetic Engineering : Escherichia Coli1789 Words   |  8 Pagesas vectors for bacterial transformation. The plasmids can be altered to include donor DNA thus altering the physiological or physical characteristics of the bacterium. Escherichia coli have been found to be the most effective bacterium in genetic transformation and heterologous expression of human genes or proteins. It was hypothesised that Escherichia coli HB101 K12 could be transformed with a pGLO plasmid to express the genes encoded for green fluorescent protein (GFP), the bla gene for ampicillinRead MoreThe Effect Of Puc18 And Lux Plasmids On Ampicillin Resistance Of Escherichia Coli1412 Words   |  6 Pagesdesigned to test and observe the transformation efficacy of the pUC18 and lux plasmids in making E. coli resistant to ampicillin. Both plasmids code for ampicillin resistance, however, the lux plasmid codes for a bioluminescence gene that is expressed if properly introduced into the bacteria’s genome. The E. coli cultures were mixed with a calcium chloride solution and then heat shocked, allowing the plasmids to enter the bacteria and assimilate into the bacterial DNA. The plasmids and the bacteriaRead MoreA Study On Green Fluorescent Proteins1642 Words   |  7 PagesQuestion: Would the GFP gene in a pGLO transformed E. coli be activated by a sugar other than arabinose? Introduction: Green Fluorescent Protein, produced by the bioluminescent jellyfish Aequorea victoria, is a protein that fluoresces green under ultraviolet light. Since its discovery, properties of the protein have been improved by mutations in the gene resulting in the expansion of its spectrum, which now contains brighter variants and multiple different colors. GFP is used in a wide varietyRead MoreEssay On Mutation1657 Words   |  7 Pagesthey often produce stop codons. These stop codons generate shorten, non-functioning proteins (Text 208). With these mutations in mind how would the insertion of three nucleotide sequences in a gene compare to the insertion of a single nucleotide? The insertion of a single nucleotide can affect a gene sequence in a more deleterious fashion, his is because it generates frameshifts mutations in the reading frame. These mutations are ones that often produce stop codons, putting a halt to the creation

Should Abortion Be Banned - 1847 Words

An abortion is an induced and sudden termination of pregnancy. There are two types of abortions, Medical and Surgical. The medical method involves taking two pills within 24 hours of each other thus killing the fetus, but this method is usually done during 3-7 weeks of pregnancy. The surgical method, on the other hand involves a doctor removing the inner lining of the womb, either manual vacuum aspiration or dilatation suction curettage. Both of these methods use a suction process. With MVA (manual vacuum aspiration) a handheld device is used, while DC (or dilatation suction curettage) is done using a suction machine and other tools. The manual vacuum aspiration method can only be carried out during the first ten weeks of pregnancy, while dilatation suction curettage can be done only between week 5 and the start of week 14. The method involves separating the fetus into small parts and the parts are then sucked up by the machine. So you can see how brutally the fetus is terminated and why I think abortion must be banned. Abortion is also an act which violates human rights, technically because the baby in the mother’s womb also has the same right to life that we do. In 2003, there were approximately around forty-two million abortions per year globally, or 115,000 every day. This was a drop from forty-six million in 1995 (In Brief: Facts on Induced Abortion in the United States n.d.). Abortions are currently done by millions and millions of women worldwideShow MoreRelatedAbortion Is Inhumane and Should Be Banned2137 Words   |  9 PagesAbortion is inhumane and should be banned. Aborting a baby is murder whether the procedure is done by a competent, licensed physician under safe clinical conditions or done in a back alley. Abortion was legalized 35 years ago with the decision of the Supreme Court case Roe v. Wade. The case involved a single pregnant woman, a married couple, and a licensed practicing physician attacking the Texas criminal abortion statut e. The Texas criminal abortion statute proscribes procuring or attemptingRead MoreAbortion Should Be Banned From Our Society Essay2171 Words   |  9 PagesAbortion can be termed as the deliberate termination of pregnancy which does not result to the birth of a child. There has been heated debate regarding the support for and against abortion which leads to legalization or illegalization of the act. Communities and societies have not supported the issue of abortion since the start of time. Abortion should be banned from our society. Abortion has been one of the most controversial issues in the United States since its legalization in the 70’s. TheRead MoreEssay about Abortion Should Be Banned!1778 Words   |  8 PagesAbortion is a legal medical method to stop the premature delivery that is adopted in most countries of the world. It was legalized many years ago but nowadays we live in the civilized society where the human life is the most precious treasure and the questio n about the appropriateness of abortions is of current importance. Nowadays there are two opposing camps who present their arguments. People who support abortion insist that prohibition of it will deprive people of their rights to have free choiceRead MoreAbortion Should Be Banned After 20 Weeks Of Pregnancy1011 Words   |  5 PagesAbortion has always been an issue in the society. It occurs when a person is forced to kill the baby fetus in the womb of the mother. It is very painful to the mother as she is losing her own child but there are always circumstances and conditions in life that lead a mother to take these harsh step. But sometimes, women do abortion when the fetus has already started to take a form of a baby. A recent bill was passed in Texas by Gov. Rick Perry which was one of the country toughest restrictionRead MoreShould Abortion Be Banned For A Solid And Fact Based Argument? Essay2420 Words   |  10 PagesGood, Chris. (March 12, 2013). â€Å"Why have so many states banned abortions.† ABC News. Good’s article, â€Å"Why have so many states banned abortions,† offers an insight to the states that actually have put a ban on women’s right to abortion. This article offers a straight forward, non opinionated view into why some states have banned abortion. The article begins with stating that since 2010, 10 states have passed outright bans on abortions. Good is stating the facts, not leaning toward either sideRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1481 Words   |  6 PagesAbortion has been around for many years. It is a very popular method to rid the woman’s body of an unborn child. Overtime the laws have changed drastically about abortion and women’s rights. Back in the 13th century abortion was considered homicide and was punishable by hanging. Later it became legal only if it was necessary to save a woman’s life. Eventually things got out of hand and abortion was banned completely, then slowly the laws came back into play after half a cen tury (Rich and Wagner)Read MoreThe Issue Of Abortion And Abortion Essay1567 Words   |  7 Pages The issue of abortion is a controversial one; there are arguments on both sides of the debate. In 1973 the national case of Roe v. Wade, sparked political decisions that created a national right to abortion. Further, Roe v. Wade declared that unborn children are not `persons nor are they entitled to the same constitutional protection as `born children (Baird, Rosenbaum, 2001). However, Roe v. Wade did not end the debate, nor, did it stop both sides for continuing the fight for their individualRead MoreAbortion : An Act Of Population Reduction920 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion: Legalized Murder A resounding tune states that people make the world go around. It is understandable that old age, illnesses, accidents, wars, and many other disasters bring on reductions within the population. Yet, abortion as an act of population reduction is often a topic that many people would rather not discuss. Abortions account for 1.3 million deaths among unborn children yearly (â€Å"Abortion: Late-Term/Partial Birth 2). The purpose of this research is to argue that, with the exceptionRead MoreAbortion Is A Never Ending Debate1094 Words   |  5 PagesAzarvana Pols 1101 July 2nd 2015 Abortion. The tittle of the article I will be analyzing is â€Å"republicans seek to put abortion on the front burner in 2016†. The article was published in U.S. News and World Report, written by Tierney Sneed. Abortion is a never ending debate, it is one of the most common medical procedures performed in the United States each year. Abortion is also one of the most debated topics of all time, it is a never ending debate of whether it should be legal for women to terminateRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?963 Words   |  4 Pagessides to every argument, there is one side such as to make abortion legal and the opposing side to keep abortions illegal. In my opinion making abortion illegal can regulate the amount of women who do get pregnant. I believe that making abortions legal will let women receive the right treatment and action that needs to be done. I hope that this would keep girls from receiving behind the scene care that can put their lives at risk. Abortion is a huge dilemma, not just in Arizona, but across the whole

People Are Becoming Addicted to the Internet Free Essays

People Are Becoming Addicted to the Internet Computers have been around for quite a long time, and now they are in most homes in the United States. The most popular activity on the computer is the Internet. The Internet can be used to gain information, chat, watch videos, listen to music, and play games. We will write a custom essay sample on People Are Becoming Addicted to the Internet or any similar topic only for you Order Now In today’s society, many people are becoming addicted to the Internet. This has become a problem because people spend most of their time on the Internet instead of investing their time in productive activities. People are also using the Internet as their main source of communication and information. This causes problems because it affects social lives. The Internet also causes people to become lazy. They can find information on any topic so they do not have to think as much as they would if they did not have access to the Internet. People spend too much time on the Internet. This leads to the detriment of their studies, careers, and social and community participation (Davidson 1). Maria from Matawan, New Jersey spends an average of five hours on the computer everyday. One psychiatrist states, â€Å"You may be ‘addicted’ to the Internet if you need to spend more time online to achieve the same level of satisfaction. You may even be experiencing sleep deprivation, facing marital difficulties, losing friendships, and neglecting your job or school work to the point of risking being fired or flunking out† (Goldsborough 1). Maria feels that she loses control over the time when she is on the Internet. She stays up late every night chatting with her friends, watching videos, and playing online games. One author explains how addictive and sinister the Internet really is: â€Å"It’s easy to get hooked on the Web. A page leads to a link, to a page, to a link, to a page, and before you know it, two hours have flown by† (Walker 2). Maria plans on staying on the Internet for a few minutes. Before she knows it, those minutes turn into hours. Another author explains how the Internet can affect relationships: â€Å"An excessive amount of Internet use has an effect on family and partner relations and on communication within the family† (â€Å"Three-Factor† 1). Maria’s grades and friendships seem to suffer because of the amount of time that she spends on the Internet. Spending time on the Internet becomes the substitute for activities and events that are happening in her life. Instead of going out, she chooses to sit in her house in front of the computer. When it comes to doing her homework, she ends up not doing it because she gets distracted by the computer. When her friends ask her to go out, she rejects the invitation because she would rather stay home searching the Internet. This causes her grades in school and her social life to suffer. We are using the Internet as our main communication source. Facebook and Myspace are highly addictive social-networking websites that captivate teens and young adults. Jessica from Hazlet, New Jersey belongs to the social-network Facebook. People who belong to this site have access to hear from old friends, receive new messages, check out new photos, read blogs, and search for new profiles (â€Å"New† 1). Jessica uses Facebook to communicate with friends, family, and classmates. Other ways she communicates through the computer include Myspace, Twitter, online chat rooms, instant messaging, and many others. This is harmful to her social skills. Instead of making friends in person, she meets people on the Internet. This does not give her a chance to communicate face-to-face. It can also be dangerous to meet new people on the Internet because one may not turn out to be who they claim to be. Klavans, Director of Columbia University’s Center for Research on Information Access, states, â€Å"With chat rooms, you can take on a new personality. It’s like when you are on an airplane and you have a conversation with the person next to you. You can pretend to be someone else for a couple of hours. With the Internet, that can last all night† (Keenan 1). Anything can be said through typing, but these words might not always be the truth. These websites make Jessica hide behind a computer screen instead of interacting face-to-face with others. One author explains why students prefer communicating through the Internet over communicating face-to-face. â€Å"Students enjoy communicating via the Net because they have more time to create clever lines. With the distance the computer provides, they do not have to deal with the stress or awkwardness of face-to-face conversations† (Keenan 2). We can find information about any subject on the Internet, which prevents us from thinking. Danielle from Edison, New Jersey always searches the Internet when she has a homework assignment. One author states that people should not become too dependent on the Internet: â€Å"The Internet is very helpful, allowing people to find information to help them with their careers or studies, but one should not always rely on this for everything† (Goldsborough 2). Danielle can find all the answers to the questions she is assigned and all the information she needs to write her essays through the Internet. When it comes to tests and assignments in class, she does not have access to the Internet so she does not always do her best. She is so accustomed to having all of the answers right in front of her. One author explains how some students become addicted to all of the information on the Internet: â€Å"Some students are information junkies who spend their time checking sports scores, reading home pages or combing through the billions of bits of information readily available on the Internet† (Keenan 2). Danielle feels that she has become dependent on all the information the Internet has to offer. This has caused her to not think as much as she should. Computers have changed our lives in many ways, but people should not take advantage of all the possibilities the Internet has to offer. People are becoming addicted to the Internet. They spend too many hours on the Internet a day instead of going out into the real world. They are also becoming dependent on the Internet. They are using it as their main source of communication and information. They should try to limit the amount of time that that they are spending on the Internet by using their time more wisely. Works Cited Davidson, Jeff. â€Å"Internet Addiction Is Not Pretty†. Public Management. Oct. 2008: 2. Web. 21 Sep 2009. . Goldsborough, Reid. â€Å"When The Internet Becomes Too Much. Office Solutions. Apr. 2008: 2. Web. 21 Sep 2009. . Keenan, John. â€Å"Students Stuck in Cyber Web. † Insight on the News. 29 July, 1996: 2. Web. 21 Sep 2009. . â€Å"New Teen Addictions: Facebook, Myspace†. Oakland Tribune. 23 Sep. , 2007: 3. Web. 21 Sep 2009. . â€Å"Three-Factor Model of Internet Addiction: The Development of The Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire†. Behavior Research Method. Ma y 2008: 3. Web. 21 Sep 2009.. Walker, Celeste Perrino. â€Å"Help For The â€Å"Terminally Addicted. †-Internet Addiction. † Vibrant Life. Jan. -Feb. , 1998: 2. Web. 21 Sep 2009. How to cite People Are Becoming Addicted to the Internet, Essays